There are many kind of shortcuts of command prompt of Visual Studio. Basically the differences are the setting of Host and Target. Host refers to the compiler or linker of which 64bit or 32bit is chosen. Target refers to the resultant exe or dll which is targeted 64bit or 32bit.
Developer Command Prompt for VS 2017 (default)
Host:32bit
Target:32bit
x64 Native Tools Command Prompt for VS 2017
Host:64bit
Target:64bit
x64_x86 Cross Tools Command Prompt for VS 2017
Host:64bit
Target:32bit
x86 Native Tools Command Prompt for VS 2017
Same as the default.
x86_x64 Cross Tools Command Prompt for VS 2017
Host:32bit
Target:64bit